Early diagnosis is crucial for this dangerous, life-threatening infection. The earlier the infection is diagnosed, the earlier it can be treated. Without prompt treatment, this infection can be fatal. Other conditions that you have in addition to the infection can also have an impact on the outlook. Those who recover from necrotizing fasciitis may experience anything from minor scarring to limb amputation.
It may require multiple surgical procedures to treat and then additional procedures such as delayed wound closure or skin grafting. Each case is unique. Your doctor will be able to give you more specific information about your individual case.
However, you can reduce your risk with basic hygiene practices. Wash your hands frequently with soap and treat any wounds promptly, even minor ones. If you already have a wound, take good care of it. Change your bandages regularly or when they become wet or dirty. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC lists hot tubs, whirlpools, and swimming pools as examples of places you should avoid when you have a wound. Treating the infection early is very important to avoid complications.
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The bacteria can also spread through close personal contact. For example, kissing or sharing drinking cups, forks, spoons or cigarettes. There is no vaccine to prevent group A streptococcal infections. Antibiotics are recommended if you have close contact with someone who has necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus for example, if you live in the same household.
Since this severe form of streptococcal infection can progress so rapidly, the best approach is to get medical attention as soon as symptoms occur. Remember, an important clue to this disease is very severe pain at the site of a wound. Always take good care of minor cuts to reduce the chance of the tissues under the skin getting infected. If you have a small cut or wound, wash it well in warm soapy water, and keep it clean and dry with a bandage.
Antibiotics are an important part of the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis. However, antibiotics on their own are not usually enough. This is because necrotizing fasciitis cuts off the blood supply to body tissue, and the antibiotics must be carried by blood to the infected site to work. Surgery, combined with antibiotics, is the usual treatment. Your chances of getting necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus are very low.
Even if you have close contact with a person with necrotizing fasciitis for a long time, the chance of getting it is very low. Some people are known to have a higher risk of getting the disease. Injection drug use is the biggest risk factor. Other risk factors include:. A recent chickenpox infection can greatly increase the risk of getting necrotizing fasciitis. If left untreated, the infection can spread quickly through the body and cause symptoms such as dizziness , weakness and confusion.
Blood tests and scans may be carried out to find out what's causing your symptoms, although a diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis can usually only be confirmed by having an operation to examine the affected tissue. People with necrotising fasciitis often need to be looked after in an intensive care unit and may need to stay in hospital for several weeks. While in hospital, they may be isolated from other patients to reduce the risk of spreading the infection. Necrotising fasciitis can progress very quickly and lead to serious problems, such as blood poisoning sepsis and organ failure.
People who survive the infection are sometimes left with long-term disability as a result of amputation or the removal of a lot of infected tissue. They may also need further surgery to improve the appearance of the affected area and ongoing rehabilitation support to help them adapt to their disability. The bacteria lives in the gut, throat and, in some people, on the skin, where they do not usually cause any serious problems.
In rare cases, the bacteria can cause necrotising fasciitis if they get into deep tissue, either through the bloodstream or an injury or wound, such as:. Necrotising fasciitis can also be a rare side effect of a type of diabetes medicine known as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 SGLT2 inhibitors.
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