Most polyps are non-cancerous, but some can be cancerous malignant. Cervical polyps happen most often in women over 20 years of age. They are rare in young women who have not started their period menstruation. They are red, finger-like growths. They grow in the endocervical canal the passageway from the uterus to the vagina and may stick out into the vagina. Cervical polyps may not cause symptoms. Some women with a cervical polyp may have abnormal vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge that is yellow to white.
A cervical polyp may be found when a doctor does a pelvic exam and Pap test. Polyps that are large, are bleeding or look abnormal can be removed, usually during a pelvic exam. A nabothian cyst is a lump filled with mucus that develops on the surface of the cervix.
Most women have nabothian cysts and their presence is normal. They are usually found during a routine pelvic exam and appear as a small, smooth rounded lump or collection of lumps on the cervix. In some cases they may become large enough to change the shape of the cervical canal and make pelvic exams difficult. In these cases, a nabothian cyst may be opened and drained to release the mucus or may be removed by surgery. Nabothian cysts are tiny cysts that form on the surface of your cervix.
Your cervix connects your vagina to your uterus. Nabothian cysts are filled with mucus that is secreted by the cervical glands. Sometimes the tiny bumps are called cervical cysts , mucinous retention cysts, or epithelial cysts. Nabothian cysts are fairly common.
Nabothian cysts form when the mucus-producing glands in your cervix are coated with skin cells and become clogged. The skin cells plug the glands, which causes mucus to accumulate. This causes a cyst to form on the cervix that looks like a small, white bump. Childbirth and physical trauma to the cervix can cause nabothian cysts in some women.
During childbirth , excess skin cells can grow on the mucus gland and trap mucus, causing cysts to form. Physical trauma around the cervix can cause excess tissue to develop on top of mucus glands during the healing process and trap mucus, which can also cause these cysts to occur. Cysts caused by physical trauma are especially common during recovery from chronic cervicitis , in which cervix tissue is inflamed.
Childbearing age lasts from puberty until the onset of menopause , which in some cases can happen as late as your 40s or 50s. You might also be at risk for developing similar cysts if you have a condition called adenoma malignum. This condition is a type of neoplasia that affects mucus production in your cervix, and these cysts are often identical to nabothian cysts.
Nabothian cysts range in size from a few millimeters to 4 centimeters in diameter. Your doctor may notice one or more cysts during a routine pelvic examination. Talk to your doctor if you have bleeding between your periods , unusual discharge , or pelvic pain. These symptoms may indicate an infection or other abnormality that requires evaluation. Nabothian cysts can be screened and diagnosed during a pelvic examination.
After discovering these small white bumps on your cervix, your doctor may break a cyst to confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor can also use a colposcopy to make an accurate diagnosis.
This involves magnifying the area to distinguish nabothian cysts from other types of bumps. Your doctor may take a biopsy of a cyst if they suspect that you might have a type of neoplasia affecting mucus production.
This condition, called adenoma malignum, is very rare and is not a cause for concern. In rare cases, the cysts may become large and distort the shape and size of your cervix. In this case, your doctor may recommend removal of the cyst in order to examine your cervix. These examinations can ensure your reproductive health and help your doctor identify problems with your cervix early. During electrocautery ablation, your doctor uses an electric current to remove the cyst.
The electric current produces heat that your doctor runs back and forth over the cyst. There is no way to cure genital warts, but they can be removed by your doctor or by using a prescription cream, laser, or surgery. Learn more: Are there home remedies for genital warts?
Some types of HPV can increase your risk for cervical cancer. Cancers of the vulva are rare, and cancers of the vagina are even more unusual.
Symptoms of precancerous and cancerous conditions may include:. Cancer of the vulva is more common in older women and in women who smoke. Vulvar and vaginal cancers are diagnosed by taking tissue from suspicious lesions and examining it under a microscope. As well, see your doctor if you have pain or signs of infection, such as:. Read more: Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases STDs ».
If they do need medical care, treatment is determined by their cause. Most vaginal bumps and lumps can be managed at home.
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