And both that and his capacity for hard work allowed him to stand out as an expert in an amazing number of specialties : biology, medicine, various fields of physics, engineering, horology the science of measuring time , microscopy, navigation, astronomy and architecture. He was the first to build a new type of telescope, the Gregorian telescope , with which he was able to observe that Mars and Jupiter rotated on their axes.
He also promoted the scientific use of microscopes, with the iconic illustrations of his book Micrographia , initiating an art perfected by new experts such as Anton van Leeuwenhoek. The criticism he received from Hooke offended him so much that Newton decided to withdraw from that public debate. Thus Hooke was an authority, and not only in the field of science. After the great fire that devastated London in , he was put in charge of surveying the city for its reconstruction , proposing a modern grid redevelopment.
He was also the architect of many new buildings, contributed to the design of others such as the Royal Greenwich Observatory and conceived the method used to build the dome of St.
Hooke was at the zenith of his career in when he began an intense correspondence with Newton about gravitation, an idea that Hooke had already taken on a few years earlier. The great confrontation between the two men occurred when in Newton published the first volume of his Principia and Hooke affirmed that it was he who had given him the notion that led him to the law of universal gravitation.
Hooke demanded credit as the author of the idea and Newton denied it. The most he came to recognise is that those letters with Hooke had rekindled his interest in astronomy , but had not brought him anything new. But the truth is that this letter is earlier , from February 5, , at a time when the relationship between the two English geniuses was still cordial.
Newton then fulfilled his promise not to publish his corpuscular theory of light which had provoked the first quarrel between them until Hooke had died: he did so a year later, in the book Opticks According to scientific legend, Newton also sent for the only portrait of Hooke and ordered it destroyed; another version states that he left it intentionally forgotten when the Royal Society moved to another building.
Chapman and other historians have made a great effort in recent years to once again dignify this great genius of science. In , painter Rita Greer embarked on historical research to produce a portrait of Hooke faithful to the two remaining written descriptions of him. His public image thus restored, that tribute portrait by Greer which heads this text has been used to illustrate numerous articles and documentaries, which finally cast Hooke in a fairer light in the history of science.
Click Enter. In all of his studies and demonstrations, he adhered to the scientific method of experimentation and observation.
Hooke also utilized the most up-to-date instruments in his many projects. In this groundbreaking study, he coined the term "cell" while discussing the structure of cork. He also described flies, feathers and snowflakes, and correctly identified fossils as remnants of once-living things. In an ongoing, related project, Hooke worked for many years on the invention of a spring-regulated watch.
Hooke never married. His niece, Grace Hooke, his longtime live-in companion and housekeeper, as well as his eventual lover, died in ; Hooke was inconsolable at the loss. Hooke's career was marred by arguments with other prominent scientists. In his last year of life, Hooke suffered from symptoms that may have been caused by diabetes.
He died at the age of 67 in London on March 3, We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Hooke was a brilliant scientist, a pious Christian, and a difficult and impatient man.
What kept him from true success was a lack of interest in mathematics. Many of his ideas inspired and were completed by others in and outside of the Royal Society, such as the Dutch pioneer microbiologist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek — , navigator and geographer William Dampier — , geologist Niels Stenson better known as Steno, — , and Hooke's personal nemesis, Isaac Newton — When the Royal Society published Newton's "Principia" in , Hooke accused him of plagiarism, a situation so profoundly affecting Newton that he put off publishing "Optics" until after Hooke was dead.
Hooke kept a diary in which he discussed his infirmities, which were many, but although it doesn't have literary merit like Samuel Pepys', it also describes many details of daily life in London after the Great Fire.
He died, suffering from scurvy and other unnamed and unknown illnesses, on March 3, He neither married nor had children. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads.
Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights.
Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email.
0コメント